Cold, Cough and Fever in Pregnancy: Why Not to Ignore Them
Most colds in pregnancy settle on their own, but fever, breathing difficulty or a cough that will not go away should never be ignored.
In this article 6 sections
Sneezing, a runny nose or a mild cough are very common in pregnancy, and most of the time they settle with rest and simple home care. However, fever, a cough that does not go away or any breathing difficulty should not be ignored, because some infections can pose risks to both mother and baby. In the video, Dr Sharmin Afroz briefly explains this topic. In this article we look at when simple care is enough and when you need to see a doctor.
01Why infections can hit harder in pregnancy
During pregnancy the immune system naturally adapts so that the body can accept the growing baby. At the same time, the lungs and heart are working harder. Because of this, infections such as influenza (flu), COVID-19 or pneumonia can be more serious in pregnant women than in other adults.
Later in pregnancy, the growing womb presses up against the lungs, so even mild breathlessness can feel worse. However ordinary your symptoms seem, keep an eye on how they change and speak to your doctor when needed.
02Why fever matters
An ordinary cold does not usually harm the baby. But a high temperature that lasts for a long time, especially in early pregnancy, is thought to carry some risk for the baby. Fever can also be a sign of another infection, such as a urine infection, dengue or typhoid. So if you have a fever:
- Measure your temperature with a thermometer and write it down.
- Bring the temperature down as advised by your doctor.
- If the fever lasts more than a day or two, or is very high, get checked without delay.
03Why self-medication is risky
Many people buy cough syrups, decongestants, painkillers or antibiotics directly from a pharmacy. Some of these medicines are not safe in pregnancy, and others need to be avoided at certain stages. Before taking any medicine, always tell your doctor that you are pregnant. Antibiotics are only needed when a doctor confirms a bacterial infection.
04How to care for yourself at home
- Drink plenty of water, soups and other fluids to avoid dehydration.
- Rest as much as you can and try to sleep well at night.
- Steam inhalation with warm water or gargling with salt water may ease the throat and nose.
- Eat nourishing, easy-to-digest food and continue your pregnancy vitamins.
- Hand washing, avoiding crowds and keeping away from sick people reduce the chance of infection.
05The role of vaccination
Guidance from the World Health Organization and many other bodies recommends the seasonal flu vaccine for pregnant women, as it can protect both mother and newborn. Discuss with your doctor which vaccines you should have and when.
When to see a doctor
Contact your doctor or go to hospital without delay if you notice any of the following:
- Shortness of breath, fast breathing or chest pain
- A high fever, or a fever lasting more than two days
- Coughing up blood or yellow-green phlegm
- Severe weakness, dizziness or feeling faint
- Being unable to eat or drink, or passing much less urine
- Fever with burning urine, a skin rash or tummy pain
- Reduced baby movements, vaginal bleeding or leaking fluid
Remember, there is nothing wrong with asking about even small symptoms during pregnancy. Timely, accurate advice is what keeps mother and baby safe.
Q & A
Frequently asked questions
An ordinary cold does not usually harm the baby and tends to clear within a few days. If you have a fever or breathing difficulty, seek medical advice.
It is best not to self-medicate. Some medicines are unsafe in pregnancy, so always tell a doctor you are pregnant before taking anything.
Many international guidelines recommend the seasonal flu vaccine during pregnancy. Ask your doctor about the right timing for you.
A cough lasting more than two to three weeks, or one with blood in the phlegm or breathlessness, should be checked promptly.
Article & video by
Dr. Sharmin Afroz
Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Infertility Specialist and Laparoscopic Surgeon
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College & Hospital.
