Can Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Infertility?
Vitamin D deficiency has not been proven to directly cause infertility, but research links it with reproductive health. Correcting a deficiency before pregnancy is sensible.
In this article 5 sections
Vitamin D deficiency has not yet been clearly proven to be a direct cause of infertility. However, several studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in the reproductive health of both women and men, and that deficiency may increase the risk of some problems. So for couples trying to conceive, correcting a deficiency is a simple and sensible step. In the video, Dr. Sharmin Afroz briefly explains this topic.
01Why vitamin D matters
Vitamin D is mostly made in our skin from sunlight, with a small amount coming from certain foods. It helps the body absorb calcium and keeps bones and muscles strong. It also plays a part in immunity and hormone function. Vitamin D receptors are found in the womb, ovaries and testes, which is why its link with fertility is being researched.
02The link between vitamin D and fertility
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): many women with PCOS have low vitamin D, and this may be linked with insulin resistance and irregular ovulation.
- IVF treatment: some studies have found slightly better results in women with adequate vitamin D, although not all studies agree.
- Male fertility: some research has linked vitamin D with sperm movement.
- Pregnancy: a mother’s vitamin D level is also important for the baby’s bone development and her own health.
Remember that these studies mainly show associations; there is no guarantee that taking vitamin D alone will lead to pregnancy. Infertility usually has more than one cause, and each needs to be checked properly.
03Who is more likely to be deficient
- People who spend most of their time indoors or work in offices
- People who cover their skin fully when outdoors
- People with darker skin
- People with excess weight
- Pregnant and breastfeeding women
- People with kidney, liver or bowel disease
04Testing and what to do
A simple blood test shows your vitamin D level. Your doctor may order it when you are planning a pregnancy or during fertility investigations if they feel it is needed. If you are deficient:
- Take supplements at the dose and for the duration your doctor advises.
- Get regular, sensible sun exposure, but avoid long periods in strong sun that burn the skin.
- Include egg yolks, oily and sea fish and vitamin D-fortified milk in your diet.
- Do not take high doses of vitamin D on your own, as too much can harm the body.
When planning a pregnancy, discuss with your doctor not only vitamin D but also folic acid, a balanced diet, a healthy weight and issues such as thyroid function and blood sugar. Preparing in this all-round way benefits both mother and baby. Always tell your doctor before starting or stopping any supplement in pregnancy.
When to see a doctor
Alongside correcting vitamin D, other causes of infertility must also be checked. See a doctor if:
- You have not conceived after one year of regular intercourse (or six months if you are over 35)
- Your periods are very irregular or have stopped
- You have long-lasting bone or muscle pain and weakness
- You develop nausea, excessive thirst or frequent urination while taking supplements
Q & A
Frequently asked questions
No, there is no such guarantee. Correcting a deficiency is good for overall health, but other causes of infertility must also be checked.
Sunlight is the main source, but staying indoors, covering the skin or pollution can mean many people do not make enough. If deficiency is significant, your doctor may advise supplements.
Yes, excess vitamin D can raise blood calcium and damage the kidneys and other organs. Do not take high doses without medical advice.
Your doctor may suggest it if needed. For assessing male fertility, a semen analysis is usually the main test.
Article & video by
Dr. Sharmin Afroz
Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Infertility Specialist and Laparoscopic Surgeon
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College & Hospital.
